Comparison of heart rate and cardiac output of <scp>VVI</scp> pacemaker settings in patients with atrial fibrillation with bradycardia

Background While most VVI pacemakers in bradycardic patients are set to a low limit of 60/min, the optimal lower rate for atrial fibrillation has not been established. Although an increase heart within normal range setting pacemaker might be expected lead cardiac output with shortening diastolic time, changes at different settings have fully clarified. Methods We included 11 who had implanted. Stroke volume was measured using electrical cardiometry method (AESCULONⓇ mini; Osypka Medical) without pacing and ventricular pacings 60, 70, 80, 90/min. Results decreased stepwise rates 90/min (63.6 ± 11.2, 61.9 10.6, 59.3 12.2, 57.5 12.2 mL, p < .001), but increased (3.81 0.67, 4.33 0.74, 4.74 0.97, 5.17 1.09 L/min, .001). The 70/min compared 60/min correlated left end-systolic (r = 0.711, .014). Conclusions Cardiac 70 60 patients, greater those larger volume.